Which statement correctly describes the image orientation for BIO and Direct Ophthalmoscopy?

Which statement correctly describes the image orientation for BIO and Direct Ophthalmoscopy?

• A. BIO: real inverted; Direct Ophthalmoscopy: virtual upright
• B. BIO: real upright; Direct Ophthalmoscopy: virtual inverted
• C. BIO: virtual upright; Direct Ophthalmoscopy: real inverted
• D. BIO: virtual inverted; Direct Ophthalmoscopy: real upright

Answer: (A)

BIO (binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy) forms a real image of the retina with a lens system that projects an image into space; real images are inverted, so the fundus image you observe appears upside down relative to the actual retina. Direct ophthalmoscopy, using the ophthalmoscope directly through the eye, produces a virtual image that is erect, though magnified. So the correct pairing is that BIO yields a real inverted image and Direct Ophthalmoscopy yields a virtual upright image.

BIO (binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy) forms a real image of the retina with a lens system that projects an image into space; real images are inverted, so the fundus image you observe appears upside down relative to the actual retina. Direct ophthalmoscopy, using the ophthalmoscope directly through the eye, produces a virtual image that is erect, though magnified. So the correct pairing is that BIO yields a real inverted image and Direct Ophthalmoscopy yields a virtual upright image.